Everything about United Slovenia totally explained
United Slovenia is the name of a
political programme of the
Slovenes from
1848, that demanded (a) unification of all the
Slovene-inhabited areas into one single kingdom under the rule of the
Austrian Empire, (b) equal rights of the
Slovene language in public, and (c) strongly opposed the planned integration of the
Habsburg Monarchy with the
German Confederation. The programme failed to meet its main objectives, but it remained the common political programme of all Slovenes until
World War I and is still significant today.
Following the
Vienna Uprising that forced
Ferdinand I to abolish
feudalism and adopt a
constitution, many nations of the
Austrian Empire saw a chance for strengthening their ideas. After the
Congress of Vienna in
1815, for the first time in centuries, all
Slovenes were under the rule of one emperor. They were, however, divided between different political subdivisions, namely the provinces of
Carniola,
Styria,
Carinthia,
Gorica and Gradisca,
Istria,
Trieste,
Lombardy and Venetia (the
Venetian Slovenia) and the
Kingdom of Hungary (
Prekmurje). In such a fragmentation, a self-government on national basis was impossible.
The programme of United Slovenia was prepared on
20th April 1848 by the society of Slovenes from
Vienna, led at this time by the famous linguist
Fran Miklošič, and was first published on
29th April the same year in the
Klagenfurt Slovene newspaper
Novice. At that time geographer
Peter Kozler delivered a map of all the
Slovene Lands with ethnic-linguistic lines. The editor of
Novice,
Janez Bleiweis, presented the Slovene demands to the emperor's younger brother
archduke John, who had been living amongst the Slovenes in
Maribor for 15 years. The three key points of the programme (the creation of
Slovenia as a distinct entity, recognition of the
Slovene language and opposition to joining the
German Confederation) were signed as a
petition; 51 signed sheets still exist, showing that the programme was well-supported by the masses. The signed petition was presented to the
Austrian parliament; however, due to the uprising in
Hungary, the parliament was dissolved before it could even discuss the Slovene issue.
The political aspirations of the Slovenes were suppressed by
Baron Alexander von Bach's
absolutism in
1851, and national awakening was moved to the
cultural field. The programme of United Slovenia, however, remained the common political programme of all the Slovenes and was gaining power in the period of
tabori between 1868-1871. After the
First World War and dissolution of
Austria-Hungary, it was partially replaced by the idea of integration with other
South Slavs in the common country of
Yugoslavia, but a significant number of Slovenes (mostly in the
Julian March and
Carinthia) remained outside the country.
Pošta Slovenije issued a
stamp on the occasion of 150th anniversary of the United Slovenia movement.
Further Information
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